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Zero-Knowledge Proof Approach for DNA STR Profile Security using Blockchain: A Framework for Enhancing Genetic Privacy
Authors (Affiliation): Arunkumar p (National Institute of Technology, Puducherry)
Abstract:

Genetic research has significantly advanced with the utilization of DNA Short Tandem Repeat (STR) profiling, playing a pivotal role in forensic investigations and medical studies. However, the surge in genetic data usage has sparked concerns about the privacy and security of individuals' genetic information. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces a pioneering framework that integrates zero-knowledge proofs and blockchain technology to enhance the security of DNA STR profiles. The primary objective of this study is to establish a secure and privacy[1]preserving environment for the comprehensive management of DNA STR profiles. The proposed framework combines the cryptographic guarantees of zero-knowledge proofs with the decentralized and tamper-resistant nature of blockchain technology to enable secure transactions involving DNA STR profiles. This cryptographic technique allows parties to validate the authenticity of information without exposing the actual data, ensuring privacy during data interactions. Blockchain technology is leveraged for the creation of a decentralized and distributed ledger that stores DNA STR profiles for tamper proofing. Smart contracts play a crucial role in enforcing security policies within the blockchain network. These contracts automate the execution of predefined rules, such as access control and data sharing permissions. Additionally, a consensus mechanism is implemented within the blockchain network to ensure agreement among network participants on the validity of transactions. A detailed pseudo algorithm is introduced in the research paper, outlining the step-by-step processes involved in securing DNA STR profiles using zero-knowledge proofs and blockchain. The proposed framework not only addresses current challenges in genetic privacy but also establishes a foundation for the future development of secure genetic databases.

Keywords: Genetic Privacy, DNA STR Profiling, Zero-Knowledge Proofs, Blockchain Security, Cryptographic Privacy in Genetic Data
Vol & Issue: Special Issue - 1 (The Proceeding of ICRBDC - 2024), February 2024